Oh Susannah! Or is it just Susan, or Sarah even? Pinning down my 3 x great grandmother - but is she that once or twice?

Lockdown and other pandemic restrictions gave me a bit of an opportunity to ponder some niggling brick wall issues.

It might look like I have gone out on a bit of a limb in interpreting data to show that the Susannah Poole who died on 5 Oct 1874 was the mother of 6 children variously named Stephens/Stevens and Pool/Poole (and two who were named both).  But hear me out!

Kate Poole with her grandmother Susannah, Danbury 1860s

I'll work backwards-ish.  Just to set the scene, Mrs Susannah Poole, widow, had been living in Danbury (1861) and Woodham Ferris (1871) with William and Mary Ann Gilbert Poole, and their daughter Kate; the census recorded that she was born in Rettendon.  In 1851 and 1841 she had been living in Woodham Ferris. Mr James Poole died in 1826 and was buried in Woodham Ferris (20 Jun 1826). She died 5 Oct 1874 in Danbury, aged 89, recorded as widow of James Poole, labourer, and was buried at Woodham Ferrers 10 Oct 1874.

James Pool(e) married Susannah Stevens, a widow, 24 Feb 1822 at Holy Trinity, Southchurch.  James, a carpenter, and Sarah (sic) Poole had two children baptised in Woodham Ferrers - Lucy (bap 7 Apr 1822) and William (bap 12 Mar 1826). 

Lucy Poole (who was my great great grandmother) married William Pond 12 Apr 1848 at the Bethel Chapel, Woodham Ferrers showing her father as James Poole, carpenter, and witnessed by a Samuel Pond (assumed to be William Pond's brother born 1819), and Hannah Raison (assumed to be Hannah Stevens/Pool, who married William Raison - see below).

William Poole married Mary Ann Gilbert Pond (William Pond's sister) 11 Oct 1855 at Chelmsford Register Office, showing his father as James Poole, carpenter, witnessed by John Pond (assumed to be another of the Pond brothers born 1826), and Lucy Raison (assumed to be daughter of the above-mentioned Hannah Raison).

On 1 Aug  1819, a James Poole was baptised at Southchurch to James (a Labourer) and Susan Poole. When this James married Mary Ann Lotes on 1 May 1846 at Baddow Independent Protestant Chapel, he named James Poole, carpenter, as his father, and the witnesses were William Poole and Lucy Poole.

On 4 Aug 1816, a Mary Ann Pool Stevens was baptised at Woodham Ferris as illegitimate daughter of  Susannah Stevens.  When she married Thomas Belcher on 23 Nov 1838, as Mary Ann Stevens, at All Saints Purleigh, she named James Stevens, carpenter, as her father, and the witnesses were a Samuel Carter [no connection yet established] and Lucy Poole.

On 9 Jun 1814 at St John the Baptist, Danbury, a Hannah Poole was baptised, daughter of James, a Carpenter, and Susan.  The timing fits with a Hannah Stephens marrying William Raison at Woodham Ferris on 24 Oct 1833. Witnesses were a William Baycock [no connection yet established] and Mary Stephens (assumed to be the woman baptised Mary Ann Pool Stephens).  Hannah and William Raison had one daughter Lucy, baptised Woodham Ferris 28 Jun 1834, and she married a Robert Scott on 4 Jun 1856 at Woodham Ferris, witnesses being William Pond (presumed the one who was husband of Lucy Poole) and Mary Ann Gilbert Poole (wife of William Poole).

On 10 Sep 1809 at St John the Baptist, Danbury, an Elizabeth Stevens was baptised, daughter of James and Susan Stevens. When she married William Carter at All Saints Purleigh on 19 Jun 1832, the witnesses were a James Smith [no connection yet established] and Hannah Stephens (assumed to be the one who married William Raison the following year).

The register which documents the baptism of Elizabeth Stephens showed the mothers' maiden names in brackets.  Of course hers is indistinct - I first read it as James.  A search of baptisms at Rettendon comes up with Susannah Staines (a good match with the written record) - baptised 1 Aug 1786, daughter of John Staines and Sarah (Rivers).

I can't find a marriage between Susannah Staines and a Stephens/Stevens.  Was he actually Stevens or was he Pool in disguise?  There is a James Stevens who married an Elizabeth Hack 16 Feb 1795 at St John the Baptist Danbury, but no obvious deaths for either in the period between 1795 and 1810.  For Elizabeth the "local" candidate burials were either too young (1800 Chelmsford Cathedral) or too old (1805 Danbury or 1807 Rettendon). There were no local candidates for James.

So it is feasible that the first of the six children was fathered by a James Stephens, but the evidence of the remainder points to James Pool(e) being the father. Here's all that in diagram form:

One last tit-bit.  When Elizabeth Carter nee Stephens registered her 5th child Samuel in 1842 (the first child she had registered under the new system), her maiden name was recorded as "Poole".  The next child, Emma in 1844, was recorded as "Stevens". 

So why the inconsistencies in naming?  Elizabeth Carter could easily have responded to the registration clerk's question about maiden name, by saying what her mum's name was (and in 1843 she was Susannah Poole).  In the case of the "illegitimate" Mary Ann Pool Stevens , Susannah may have felt she couldn't call her Pool(e) because someone in officialdom (Parish Priest or Parish Clerk for example) recognised her as Stevens/Stephens. 

And why was Susannah recorded as "Sarah" when Lucy and William were baptised at Woodham Ferris? Not least she was Susannah or Susan in the census's of 1841-1871. As her mother was called Sarah that again might have been the cause of confusion.

These may be completely off the wall suppositions, but the evidence that the woman born Susannah Staines was mother of each of these six children is quite strong. And it gives an interesting twist on how Susannah's grand-daughter via Lucy Poole, Lucy Pond, might have been tipped off by Susannah's daughter Elizabeth's family that Elizabeth's enterprising son, Henry Carter, might have been able to offer work or lodgings to a young relative in the thriving metropolis of Croydon, Surrey

If Susannah Staines is my 3 x great grandmother not only via Lucy Poole, but also via Elizabeth Stevens, it means Henry Carter and his wife Lucy Pond would have been first cousins or first step-cousins. Crumbs.

Tracing Annie Langridge and her antecedents

Every family tree researcher hits a brick wall of some sort, which requires a bit of devious thinking to get round.  One of the first  blockages I had to get around felt more of an assault course at the time - finding out the family background of my great grandmother Baker – Annie Langridge. This post reproduces, with minor adjustments to make it read right, a post from 2008 on my old Rootschat-hosted family history website.

Most photos of Annie Langridge (with husband Frank above) are as indistinct and as fuzzy as information about her

A cousin of my dad's did some pre-internet research about 40 years ago, and was unable to trace a marriage certificate for Frank and Annie. But she did find a birth certificate for Ann Langridge, born 1861, Croydon, daughter of Charles and Elizabeth Langridge.

What we did know was that in the effects of Annie's son, my grandfather Frank Baker #2, there were cemetery receipts for the people we assumed were Annie's parents - Fred Langridge and Amy Langridge. There were also "in memory" cards not just for the aforementioned Amy Agnes Langridge, but also for the wonderfully named Theophilus Taylor.

Because we couldn't find a marriage certificate for Annie and Frank Baker #1, all this led to a bit of conjecture (amused, in the case of my then wife, who repeatedly suggested that I might not be who I claimed I was).

This was compounded by the knowledge that there was some form of family dark secret. Frank #1 and Annie's youngest son, Fred, had overheard his parents discussing some issues in hushed tones one night. And then after Frank #1 had died, Annie apparently confided in a young girl who used to visit her, but the exact nature of the secret was unclear. The latter affair was played down as the ramblings of an insecure old lady – and any knowledge of what the indiscretion was has gone to the respective graves of Annie, my grandfather, and my great uncle Fred.

Frank Baker #1 was missing for the 1891 census; was he away doing some work, or had they fallen out? Would he have been a bigamist if he had married her? He would have been only in his early twenties when he got together with Annie, but he was a journeyman carpenter, starting out in Nottingham, so who knows what could have happened on the way to Croydon? (All this will be covered in another blog post).

In terms of Annie's parentage, we'd established that in 1871 and 1881 she was living with Frederick and Amy Agnes Langridge – listed as their daughter and only child. Indeed, Frederick, Amy and Annie lived at 4 Windmill Bridge, Croydon in 1881, and in 1885 that's where Frank #1 and Annie lived when my grandfather Frank Baker #2 was born. But no luck in the 1861 census. But the Ann Langridge born to Charles and Elizabeth Langridge was there in the 1861 census, but not in 1871, 1881 etc. Had Frederick and Amy adopted this child?

In order to find out if there was a trace between Charles Langridge and Fred Langridge, we needed to find out more about Fred's background. The 1871 to 1901 census's said he was born in Wrotham, Kent, around 1835.  So off I go to the Kent County archives – and returned empty handed in terms of a Frederick Langridge baptism in the 1830s in Wrotham, and no evidence of an appropriate Langridge family in the 1841 census in Wrotham. There was also no trace of a marriage of Fred Langridge in Croydon or similar to an Amy up to and including 1861.

I then made a breakthrough on the origins of Fred. It took the 1851 census to find the link. It now appears that Frederick was born in Worth, Sussex (Baptised March 1836), but his younger brother, William was the one born in Wrotham - in 1842. 

By this time I was convinced that the Ann Langridge born to Charles and Elizabeth Langridge was an entirely different Ann Langridge. Not least it was my great grandmother Annie who registered Frederick's death, and the cemetery certificates for both Fred and Amy were in the shoebox of family papers. As far as I could tell there was no obvious family link between Fred Langridge and Charles Langridge, who was born in Croydon circa 1832.

I'd originally assumed that Theophilus Taylor was a brother to Amy Agnes (Langridge). But I couldn't establish a link through Census and IGI research. So I guessed he must have just been a close family friend.

But having waded through the 1861, 1851 and 1841 census's for an Amy Agnes "X" born in Croydon about 1835-1845, I had pretty well given up hope on tracing Amy Agnes (Langridge) to her time before Fred. I remembered the Theophilus Taylor information, and thought I'd have one last try down that avenue. I decided to trace Theophilus's wife, Caroline. 

I established her maiden name was Coleman from the Free BMD records, and then sought a baptism for Colemans at Croydon Parish Church on the IGI. Bingo! Up popped not just Caroline (parents William Coleman and Ann) but also Amy Agnes Coleman (parents William Coleman and Ann), baptised 5 years earlier, plus lots of other Colemans too - sadly half of them didn't appear to survive infancy. Then I checked the Free BMD data for a marriage of an Amy Coleman and Bingo again there was a marriage to Fred Langridge in Croydon in 1863. Had it been there all along? Maybe not, I'm sure I'd checked, but this still raised a query about when Annie their daughter was born, supposedly in 1861 ie before Amy and Fred married..

As anything to do with Annie Langridge and her family/antecedents is clearly not straightforward, I drew a blank on the 1841 and 1851 census for William and Ann Coleman and their children. This was particularly disappointing for 1851 as I also had Amy and Caroline to search on. I then recalled that in the 1871 census, Caroline and Theophilus Taylor had an Ann Ford B 1811 Croydon, and described as "Mother", living with them. This was not Theophilus's mother, so could it be Ann Coleman, mother of Caroline and Amy Agnes? 

As the baptisms of Amy and Caroline's siblings appeared to stop in 1850, I searched for Ann Ford in the 1851 and 1861 census. Another Bingo moment! Here in 1861 was Ann Ford and daughters Amy Ford (19), Caroline (14) and Ann (2 months), with a chap, subsequently untraceable (with any certainty) in other census's, called Cain Ford, living in Croydon Old Town. But there is a death for Cain Ford in Southwark in 1868. And a check of the IGI brought up a baptism in 1861 in Croydon of Ann Coleman, daughter of Amy Coleman. Cue for a quick run around the room, punching the air!

So after all this, there were new doubts as to whether Frederick Langridge was the father of Annie Langridge. But she would have viewed him as her father. 

Subsequent research revealed:

• Amy Agnes Coleman registered Annie as Ann Coleman, not Ford, at her birth in 1861. No father was shown on the birth certificate. 
• Annie Langridge was baptised as Ann Langridge (as opposed to baptised as Ann Coleman, which she was in 1861) on 12 September 1869 at St James Croydon.
• Amy's mother's maiden name was Baines, according to Amy's 1842 birth certificate. 
• In the 1851 census, Ann Coleman (William must have by then died) was recorded, at Pitlake, Croydon, as Ann "Coulsdon", widow, along with children William, Henry, Amy and Caroline. [That Enumerator made other mistakes too - for example, round the corner he had mis-recorded Thomas Bransden, the Smith/Farrier.]
• It is unlikely that William Coleman and Ann were actually married - an Ann "Been" married William Cain Ford on 28 March 1853 in Croydon. On her death certificate, Ann was described as widow of Cain Ford, Labourer. Her death was reported by her daughter, Amy Langridge.

About 10 years after doing all this work, I discovered that I had DNA matches with people descended from Fred Langridge's family. Maybe he was Annie's father after all (or more intriguing, may be one of his brothers was her genetic father!)

What's this all about, then?

This blog has been started as a companion to my TNG family history website Baker-Carter Family History . That site has the data, but sometimes you just need to dig below that data.

Is my research accurate? I wouldn't bet my house on it, but it is presented in good faith and is based on the best interpretation of the data available to me. So this blog is the opportunity to illustrate what I considered when I made those interpretations.

The blog will also delve into the paths my research has taken - whether it be delight, surprise, or even a touch of shame.